Francis Childs' Notes of the New York Ratification Convention Debates (June 30, 1788)

CONVENTION PROCEEDINGS. The personal dispute between Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Lansing was again brought forward, and occupied the attention of the committee, for a considerable part of this day. On the termination of which, the debate upon Mr. Williams' motion was resumed and continued by Mr. Williams, Mr. Smith, Mr. Jay, Mr. Jones, &c.

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MELANCTON SMITH. In the course of this debate Mr. Smith made the following remarks, in answer to Mr. Hamilton; that though the gentleman's maxim was true, that the means should be adequate to the end; yet it did not by any means apply to a complex system like ours, in which all the objects of government were not to be answered by the national head; and which therefore ought not to possess all the means. In another view, he said, the rule would not apply. It was not true that the power, which was charged with the common defence, should have all the revenues. In the government of Great-Britain, the power, to whom the common defence was committed, did not possess the means of providing for it: The king had the whole power of war; but the parliament only could furnish the money for conducting it. Still the government, taken all together, possessed all the powers and all the means. He thought it ought to be on such a footing here. The general government was one part of the system, the state governments another. Now it was true, said he, that the system, taking all its parts together, ought to have unlimited powers. It was not the design of the amendment to prevent this: It was only to divide the powers between the parts, in proportion to their several objects.